Automobile Camshaft: Performance, Symptoms, and Tuning Tips

The camshaft is a critical component in an internal combustion engine, responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves. Its design and condition significantly impact engine performance, efficiency, and reliability. Whether you're building a high-performance engine, diagnosing a faulty camshaft position sensor, or learning how to degree a camshaft without specialized tools, understanding this essential part is crucial.

Best Performance Camshaft for Small Block Chevy

Small Block Chevy (SBC) engines are legendary for their versatility and power potential. Choosing the right camshaft can drastically improve horsepower, torque, and throttle response. Here's what to consider when selecting a performance camshaft for your SBC:

Key Factors in Camshaft Selection

Lift & Duration: Higher lift and longer duration increase airflow but may require upgraded valve springs and tuning.
Lobe Separation Angle (LSA): A tighter LSA (108°-112°) enhances low-end torque, while a wider LSA (114°-118°) improves top-end power and idle quality.
Intended Use: Street-driven engines benefit from mild cams with smooth idle characteristics, while race engines need aggressive profiles for maximum power.

Popular Camshaft Profiles for SBC
Street/Strip: Moderate lift (0.450"–0.550") and duration (210°–230° @ 0.050") for balanced performance.
Drag Racing: High lift (0.600"+) and long duration (240°+ @ 0.050") for maximum high-RPM power.
Towing/Low-End Torque: Short duration with a wide LSA for strong low-RPM performance.

Proper valve train upgrades (springs, pushrods, rockers) are necessary to handle aggressive camshafts. Always match the camshaft to your engine's compression ratio, induction system, and exhaust flow for optimal results.

Camshaft Position Sensor Symptoms and Replacement Cost

The camshaft position sensor (CMP) monitors the camshaft's rotation and sends data to the engine control unit (ECU). A failing sensor can cause drivability issues and trigger check engine lights.

Common Symptoms of a Bad Camshaft Position Sensor
Engine Misfires or Stalling: Incorrect timing signals disrupt fuel injection and ignition timing.
Hard Starting or No Start: The ECU may not receive proper camshaft position data.
Poor Acceleration & Reduced Power: Erratic sensor signals lead to improper fuel delivery.
Check Engine Light (CEL): Common trouble codes include P0340 (No Signal) and P0341 (Range/Performance Issue).

Replacement Cost
Parts: $50–$150 (varies by vehicle).
Labor: $100–$250 (typically 1–2 hours of work).
DIY Difficulty: Moderate—requires basic tools and mechanical knowledge.

Replacing the sensor usually involves locating it near the camshaft or timing cover, disconnecting the electrical connector, and installing the new unit. Always verify proper alignment and wiring connections.

How to Degree a Camshaft Without a Degree Wheel

Degreasing a camshaft ensures precise valve timing, optimizing power and efficiency. While a degree wheel is the standard tool, you can still achieve accurate results without one.

Alternative Method Using a Dial Indicator & Piston Stop

Install the Camshaft: Mount it in the engine with the timing set at the manufacturer's recommended position.

Set Top Dead Center (TDC):
Use a piston stop tool to find exact TDC for cylinder #1.
Mark the harmonic balancer at the TDC position.

Measure Valve Lift:
Attach a dial indicator to the intake valve lifter.
Rotate the crankshaft and note when the valve begins to open (typically 0.050" lift).

Check Cam Timing:
Compare the crankshaft position at 0.050" lift to the camshaft specs.
Adjust the timing gear or offset key if necessary.

While not as precise as a degree wheel, this method provides a reliable way to verify camshaft timing in a pinch.